We can set the auto_update_account attribute to zero in the Guest Registration page:
Go to Configuration> Guest Self-Registration. Under Register Page, Click on Form. On the form, you will see an field "
auto_update_account". Change the initial value to zero, and click on save.
If they attempt to create an account that already exists, they will get this:
Here is what the field is meant for:
"Boolean flag indicating that an already existing account should be updated, rather than failing to create the account. This field should normally be enabled for guest self-registration forms, to ensure that a visitor that registers again with the same email address has their existing account automatically updated. Set this field to a non-zero value or a non-empty string to enable automatic update of an existing account. This field controls account creation behavior; it is not stored with created visitor accounts."