Hi,
Aruba supports two different types of redundancy,
1. Master-Standby : this will run on VRRP hence bot the controllers need to be in the same subnet (VLAN) but it doesn't require any license.
2. Master-Local : This is a distributed model with fail over redundancy,generally master will handle Configuration, ARM IDS etc and APs will be terminated on Local. Here both the controllers are assumed to be deployed different locations (Master - Head office, Local- Branch office) hence they need not be in the same subnet and does not require any license.
For both it required to have same image and licenses ( AP, PEF, RFP etc..)
Hope you got some more clarity, please feel free for any further clarity on this.