You cannot filter based on time frame, unfortunately. You can only say how many lines on a page or how many pages to go back, or you can search for a particular string (date, etc).
In addition, under AMP Setup> Historical Data retention, you can say how many days of syslog, snmp traps are kept by AMP for each device. Keeping this number low, or making syslog less verbose will make for a better experience as well as make AMP perform better: