What is the DHCP lease for those devices and your other devices? Making the user idle timeout larger than the DHCP lease will cause issues, because the device will stay in the user table with the same ip address for the user idle-timeout, but could come back with a different DHCP address. That will trigger the ip spoofing that thinks that mac address already has an ip address in the user table and might reject the other device. In addition, your user table will be artifically inflated because it will show users that are no longer there.
I would return the user idle timeout to the default ASAP, unless you make it less than the DHCP lease. EDIT I am also not sure that this is related to your VOIP quality issue, so maybe if you open a different thread with the phone not responding, we can leave this thread solved and create a new one with the phone specific issue.